Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
00:02:21 1 History
00:02:30 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:27 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:16 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:21 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:24 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:48 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:14 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:39 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:41 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:22 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:47 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:03 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:09 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:52 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:13 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:13 2.1 Climate
00:24:39 2.2 Environment
00:26:23 3 Governance and politics
00:29:08 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:21 3.2 Government finance
00:31:47 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:49 3.3 Judicial system
00:33:58 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:30 3.5 Military
00:35:43 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:16 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:25 4 Economy
00:39:21 4.1 Economic sectors
00:39:30 4.1.1 Agriculture
00:44:25 4.1.2 Drought and food crisis
00:45:03 4.1.3 Mining
00:48:10 4.1.4 Oil
00:49:45 4.2 Growth rates
00:51:05 4.3 Economic reforms
00:53:02 4.4 Infrastructure
00:53:11 4.4.1 Transportation infrastructure
00:55:35 5 Society
00:55:43 5.1 Demographics
00:56:38 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:57:17 5.3 Languages
00:58:01 5.4 Largest cities
00:58:10 5.5 Religion
01:00:16 5.5.1 Islam
01:02:03 5.6 Education
01:03:03 5.7 Health
01:03:57 6 Culture
01:05:46 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
01:05:55 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
01:06:37 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
01:07:06 6.2 Media
01:09:24 7 See also
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SUMMARY
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Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population could not read, one of the highest illiteracy rates i ...
